pMouse嘅個性空間: Linux Corner

用微软雅黑和Segoe UI字体美化Linux

Tue, 21 Aug 2007 01:48:37 GMT

Linux下中文字体的美化一直是一个很大的问题，以前一直用XP带的宋体(simsun.ttc)外加强硬替换英文部分为Tahoma来做美化。这样做的副作用就是强硬替换字体会使很多应用程序无法显示或者更换其他字体。如今试了试VISTA带的微软雅黑中文字体和Segoe UI英文字体，感觉效果很不错，看起来很舒服（看惯宋体的可能要习惯一阵子）。现在把设置过程贴在这里，一来给linux中文用户共享，二来给自己做个备份。

首先当然是要拥有一个Vista，因为这两款字体都不是免费的^^。把Vista中的Segoe和msyh相关字体全部拷贝到linux的/usr/share/fonts下（没有root的话就拷贝进~/.fonts/下），然后运行

$fc-cache -fv

运行完毕后这两款字体就装好了，然后需要设置/etc/fonts/下的属性文件，一般是新建一个local.conf避免和fonts.conf的冲突：

$sudo nano /etc/fonts/local.conf

把下面的设置贴进去：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">

<fontconfig>
        <match target="pattern">
                <test qual="any" name="family">
                        <string>宋体</string>
                </test>
                <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                        <string>SimSun</string>
                </edit>
        </match>

        <match target="pattern">
                <test qual="any" name="family">
                        <string>黑体</string>
                </test>
                <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                        <string>SimHei</string>
                </edit>
        </match>

        <match target="pattern">
                <test qual="any" name="family">
                        <string>SimSun</string>
                        <string>SimHei</string>
                </test>
                <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                        <string>Microsoft YaHei</string>
                </edit>
        </match>

        <alias>
                <family>serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family>
                        <family>Microsoft YaHei</family>
                        <family>DejaVu Serif</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>sans-serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Segoe UI</family>
                        <family>Microsoft YaHei</family>
                        <family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family>
                        <family>DejaVu Sans</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>monospace</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family>
                        <family>Microsoft YaHei</family>
                        <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>

        <match target="font">
                
                <test name="slant">
                        <const>roman</const>
                </test>
                
                <test target="pattern" name="slant" compare="not_eq">
                        <const>roman</const>
                </test>
                
                <edit name="matrix" mode="assign">
                        <times>
                                <name>matrix</name>
                                <matrix><double>1</double><double>0.2</double>
                                        <double>0</double><double>1</double>
                                </matrix>
                        </times>
                </edit>
                
                <edit name="slant" mode="assign">
                        <const>oblique</const>
                </edit>
        </match>

        
        <match target="font" >

                <test name="family" compare="eq">
                        <string>SimSun</string>
                        <string>SimHei</string>
                </test>
                <edit name="globaladvance">
                        <bool>false</bool>
                </edit>
                <edit name="spacing">
                        <int>0</int>
                </edit>
                <edit name="hinting">
                        <bool>true</bool>
                </edit>
                <edit name="autohint">
                        <bool>false</bool>
                </edit>
                <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
                        <bool>true</bool>
                </edit>

                <test name="pixelsize" compare="less_eq">
                        <int>18</int>
                </test>
                <edit name="antialias" mode="assign" >
                        <bool>false</bool>
                </edit>
        </match>

        <match target="font">
                <test name="family" compare="eq" qual="any">
                        <string>SimSun</string>
                        <string>SimHei</string>
                        <string>Microsoft YaHei</string>
                </test>
                <edit name="hinting">
                        <bool>false</bool>
                </edit>
                <test name="pixelsize" compare="less_eq">
                        <double>12</double>
                </test>
                <edit mode="assign" name="pixelsize" >
                        <double>12</double>
                </edit>
        </match>
</fontconfig>

这段设置就是将所有宋体和黑体替换为微软雅黑显示。更改完后保存，logout再login，效果看起来很不错哦^^

Xorg 7.1 & evdev

Sun, 13 Aug 2006 08:01:52 GMT

I have always been trying to get event driver working for my Logitech MX1000, back in Xorg 6.8 it was possible to config xorg.conf to accept a bunch of unique identifiers (such as Phys of the usb port) and have evdev half working. When I migrated to X7.1 everything breaks down, and I couldn't even boot into X with evdev as my mouse driver...until today.

I've came across the man page for evdev, it appears that the Option "Device" "/dev/input..." will not work unless the device path matchs "event<N>", where N is an integer number. Here's the exact quote:

       Option "Device" "string"
              Specifies the device note through which the device can be
              accessed.   At this time ONLY /dev/input/event<N>, where <N> is
              an integer, are matched against this this field.
              This option uses globbing.
              Please note that use of this option is strongly discouraged.

Continue reading reveals that evdev now suggests identifying the device by its name...So I followed their suggestions and ran:

$ cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=046d Product=c50e Version=2500
N: Name="Logitech USB Receiver"
P: Phys=usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input9
H: Handlers=mouse2 event3
B: EV=7
B: KEY=ffff0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B: REL=143

The name appears to be "Logitech USB Receiver", so I modified my /etc/X11/xorg.conf to

Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier "MX1000"
       Driver      "evdev"
       Option "Name" "Logitech USB Receiver"
       Option "SendCoreEvents"
EndSection

And...it didn't work. Xorg boots fine but it still gives the error

(EE) PreInit returned NULL for “MX1000″

Further investigation shows that Option "Name" uses glob to support pattern matching. On the other hand, people are reporting that having "SendCoreEvents" with evdev seems screw things up. It should only appear in the layout section and that's it. Thus I modified the conf file to:

Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier "MX1000"
       Driver      "evdev"
       Option "Name" "Logitech*"
EndSection

Finally it works! All buttons registered correctly and appears to be functioning. Here's Xorg's start up log:

(II) evdev brain: Rescanning devices (2).
(**) Option "SendCoreEvents"
(**) MX1000-usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0: always reports core events
(II) MX1000-usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0: Found 4 relative axes.
(II) MX1000-usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0: Configuring as pointer.
(**) MX1000-usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0: HWHEELRelativeAxisButtons: 6 7.
(**) MX1000-usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0: WHEELRelativeAxisButtons: 4 5.
(II) MX1000-usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0: Found 16 mouse buttons
(II) MX1000-usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0: Configured 20 mouse buttons

Horray for a better Gentoo everyday!

Micro, soft

Tue, 21 Feb 2006 07:50:21 GMT

睡觉前多余, 看了一眼一个国内以前做UO的IT业QQ群, 里面在讲什么未来的动态网页, 以什么Future Glasslook自居. 打开一看, 一片乱七八糟, 再一看, 原来是微软的Stardard, Firefox不支持.

微软这业界"老大"的派头还不小, 动不动就要给自己的产品灌上Standard的称呼, 不知道除了IE还有谁跟丫Stand去. 弄的网页开发出来要么就只能面对一些深受微软其害的用户, 要么就苦了Web开发员天天研究怎么区分浏览器引擎, 写不同版本的CODE.

B4之余在这个从来不说话的群里说了两句, 招来鄙夷无数. 一哥们说, 你就这么讨厌老盖?

我说, 我们这儿都管他叫小比 (Bill)

抱歉在微软的地盘发表反动言论了. 不过我对西方人民贯彻其不厌其烦的强调的言论自由政策(ex., Slashdot)还是很信任的.

Gentoo的問題收集[2]

Fri, 23 Dec 2005 20:22:18 GMT

這幾天在T42上面安裝Gentoo，出現了的問題將會收集在這裡。

libstdc++.so.5: cannot open shared object file ...

這個錯誤是由於升級gcc的時候忘記emerge libstdc++-v3就直接卸載了以前版本的gcc而造成的。問題的難點在於缺少了這個東西任何與portage有關的命令都不能使用了，包括emerge, env-update等等。
解決方法是把stage3的tarball重新解壓縮一次，到一個新目錄，例如/home/stage3/之類的:

# mkdir /home/stage3
# tar xjpfv stage3-....tar.gz -C /home/stage3

這樣，要用到的libstdc++.so.5就可以在/home/stage3/usr/lib/gcc-lib/[i686-pc-linux-gnu]/[3.3.5-20050130]/下找到了，[]部分是根據stage3 tarball而來的。ls -l可以發現實際上這個文件是個symlink，所以只需要把源文件copy到/usr/lib/gcc/[i686-pc-linux-gnu]/[3.4.4]/下，然後自己link一下即可

# cp /home/stage3/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686-pc-linux-gnu/3.3.5-20050130/libstdc++.so.5.0.7 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/3.4.4
# cd /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/3.4.4
# ln -s libstdc++.so.5.0.7 libstdc++.so.5
# ldconfig
# source /etc/profile

這樣就好了，趕快env-update一下然後emerge libstdc++-v3

# env-update
# emerge -e sys-libs/libstdc++-v3

這樣可以把所有有關的支持lib都重新emerge一次，包括glibc等，時間會比較長，但是更安全一些。
另: 類似的問題有些是因爲gcc更新后沒有ldconfig而造成的，直接運行ldconfig可能就可以解決問題。前提是libstdc++.so.5這個symlink一定要在硬盤上。

net.eth0無法啓動，出現類似"ifconfig does not support the required function provide"的錯誤

這個錯誤有可能是因爲更新了軟件后沒有etc-update的結果，首先運行一下etc-update

# etc-update
Scanning Configuration files...
Automerging trivial changes in: .bash_logout
Automerging trivial changes in: .bash_profile
...
The following is the list of files which need updating, each
configuration file is followed by a list of possible replacement files.
...
Please select a file to edit by entering the corresponding number.
              (don't use -3 or -5 if you're unsure what to do)
              (-1 to exit) (-3 to auto merge all remaining files)
                           (-5 to auto-merge AND not use 'mv -i'): -3

如果還沒有解決，可以emerge net-tools

Emerge Gnome的時候出錯:

--------------------------- ACCESS VIOLATION SUMMARY --------------------------
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
unlink:    /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc
open_wr:   /usr/share/xml2po/docbook.pyc

參考Bugzilla (http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104088)
先把"python"加入到/etc/make.conf然後運行python-updater，最後emerge gnome-doc-utils即可

GDM打開后不停重起，6次后提示失敗。察看/var/log/messages發現出錯:

gdm[24293]: failsafe dialog failed (inhibitions: 0 0)
gdm[24293]: failsafe dialog failed (inhibitions: 0 1)
gdm[24293]: failsafe dialog failed (inhibitions: 1 1)

使用startx和exec gnome-session發現可以進入gnome，説明不是gnome的問題。

我猜想是gdm坏了，emerge后發現還是不行。研究了一天后發現是新裝的字體沒有x的權限:

# chmod -R 755 /usr/share/fonts/*

即可

聖誕假期的小工程

Wed, 21 Dec 2005 21:02:36 GMT

終于在20日正午時分結束了惡夢一樣的考試，又一個學期不痛不癢的過去了。放假在家裏的第一天例行的把所有的筆記和作業整理完畢，扔出去半米多高的廢紙，頓時感覺房間裏乾淨了許多。

假期是12天，一周半的時間除了要做兩個作業一個實驗報告就沒什麽其他事情了，於是準備自己給自己找點兒事兒干干。計劃了半天決定把家裏的電腦網絡重新整理。

現在家裏的電腦一共4部，兩部臺式機兩部筆記本。由於都是不同時間裝起來的，因此從來沒有系統的規劃過，很多資源都浪費了。現在決定重組網絡，做出如下調整：

PIII/800的臺式機從我房間搬入客廳，專門用來做Media Center & Data Server。首先與客廳的電視和音響系統連接起來，做娛樂系統。然後將各種開發工具，專業軟件等移出硬盤，騰出空間為局域網做網絡服務器，提供打印和數據服務。最後通過網綫與路由連接，分配固定IP，做INet服務器，提供HTTP/FTP服務，還可以集中所有BT/ED2K的下載任務在這台機器上。未來的升級方案以提高硬盤空間，優化硬件效能，減少能源消耗爲主。系統目前為XP/PRO，希望在將來可以升級到XP/Media Center Edition。
PIII/650的臺式機目前運行Gentoo，是實驗機器，以及給我媽做文字處理，網絡客戶端等任務。該機器曾經全面優化過，但是有很大的潛力。主要因爲SIS的ATX-Mirco主板實在是。。。所以現在準備升級到i815的主板，正好將一塊閒置的Geforce2縣卡利用上。CPU換成1G的Coppermine，内存可以加到512M。由於PIII現在已經逐漸淘汰，所以開銷上不大，約為50元左右，但是升級后系統的性能足以滿足日常工作用。
T42的電腦是我平時的工作機器，XP系統用了1年半后已經明顯的慢了下來。由於該機器經常需要運行類似MATLAB等處理要求很大的程序，而很少用作娛樂用途，因此決定更換成Gentoo，全面優化以求不浪費任何資源。未來升級計劃為大量提高内存（2G左右）。
臺式電腦從我屋裏移走后工作臺讓給筆記本電腦，因此有大量空間可以做學習的用途。現在房間裏幾乎找不到可以平鋪兩本書后還可以寫字的地方，因此一要學習就得去圖書館。這也算是一個小小的Bonus吧！

工程現在開始進行，一會兒上街去購買必要的零件。希望可以找到個好價錢^^

Gentoo的一些問題和解決方法

Thu, 08 Dec 2005 00:07:59 GMT

這幾天新裝Gentoo后遇到很多各種各樣的問題，下面是一些比較頭痛的，到現在爲止都已經解決，並把解決方案一起列出

Firefox 1.5, Beep Media Player, gedit運行后出錯，顯示glibc detected: malloc() exception

這麽多程序一起罷工，而且都是malloc的錯誤，那一定是這些程序在運行的時候調用了同樣的東西而出錯。首先想到的是SCIM Daemon，卸載后問題解決。改裝fcitx。

GAIM 1.5 正常運行后一發送信息就Crash

本來以爲是fcitx的問題，Disable后仍有錯誤。於是重新安裝，並加上zh_CN和gb代碼的support，仍然出錯。百思不得其解后運行gdb gaim檢查錯誤。根據得到的結果發現原來是聲音部分出錯了。打開Preference找到Sound，把Automatic改掉即可。我改成了command line，用aplay %s參數，因爲我用ALSA Mixer。

非ROOT用戶登陸X后按鍵盤和鼠標屏幕就閃動

首先想到的是permission問題，察看所有/dev/的權限無結果。接下來新建多個用戶用不同的設置，在不同的Group下（非ROOT）登陸，問題仍然存在。兩天后發現閃動現象只在完全登陸后才開始，也就是說程序加載的時候還是好的。於是就打開system monitor開始殺綫程。終于在關閉了xscreensaver后閃動現象消失。於是得出結論，xscreensaver 4.23在sis縣卡上會出現這樣的問題。File Bug report后unmerge xscreensaver。問題解決。

CDROM無法Mount，顯示cannot locate device /dev/cdrom

很明顯是devfs->udev的後遺症。把fstab更新然後把hald, dbus加到default runlevel即可解決。可惜啓動又慢了一點。其實可以symlink到/dev/cdrom，不過比較治標不治本。

SCIM and glibc causes problems

Mon, 05 Dec 2005 05:06:44 GMT

Recently, on my gentoo box, I've emerged SCIM to support Chinese input, the version is 1.4.2 with ~x86 mask. Also on the system is firefox 1.5 and glibc 2.3.5-r3. After configure SCIM to autoload with Xorg, firefox and various other applications, including gedit and beep-media-player stopped working. An error msg is displayed:

*** glibc detected *** malloc(): memory corruption: 0x..........

After running memtest and scanning the hard disk, no problems was found. So I suspect the reason might be scim. Indeed, after removing it, the system works flawlessly again. For those who are experiencing the same problem, I suggest replacing SCIM with a less problematic fcitx:

#emerge fcitx

and add

export XMODIFIER=@im=FCITX

export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx

fcitx&

to /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

or /etc/xprofile

Note, in order for fcitx to work, the LANG variable must be set to zh_CN (or any of the subsets).

after rebooting, the problem should be solved.

Update:

While solving the crashing issues of firefox 1.5 and bmp, GAIM now stopped working. It crashes immediately after typing a message. I suspect it lacks GBK support, and therefore will recompile it over night. The results will be posted tomorrow.

Full out on Linux

Tue, 18 Oct 2005 02:44:34 GMT

After four days of non stop trying and testng, I've finally managed to get Linux on my old desktop and old laptop. Here's what the configuration is now in my home network:

PIII 800 512M, XP SP2, my main server for providing service such as file transfer and printer share, etc.

ThinkPad T42p, Dothan 1.7 512M, XP SP2, XP SP2, my main "work station", where work gets done.

PIII 650 196M, Fedora Core 4 + Gnome, used to be xp, but keep getting hardware error and Blue Screen of Death. This became the main driven force behind the switch to Linux.

IBM 350ED, Pentium MMX 96M, was running W2K...OH THE PAIN of slow os...This little guy became the first PC to receive a dose of linux, sort of a experimental machine. It's now running Ubuntu 5.10+Gnome (YES! Graphical!)

Main problems encountered when tryiing to get linux on my boxes:

As stated before, the first OS I tried was Mandriva 2006, the installation took 4 hours but kernel refuses to boot afterwards. The problem still remains a mistery. Instead of solving the problem, I installed Ubuntu, which also took roughly 4 hours, but the installation process was PAINLESS and using it now is just a joy...It might be a bit slow in response but nowhere near the speed I was getting on W2K.

So that test went well. I started getting Ubuntu on the old desktop...and problems, problems, problems. I ran the installer no less than 10 times, each time taking 30 minutes. It all hang at the Grub installation point. I've tried changing settings, going to expert mode, changing the partition type, changing BIOS, manually get Grub to go, non of which worked. LILO seems to have the same problem. So I basically gave up on the desktop.

My next pile of CDs is Fedora Core 4. I tried it without much hope, and not surpisingly, it hang before going into the installation process- where the screen say "Detecting fedora core installations..." Research suggested going to text mode, but no luck either. I was about to give up completely and trash that computer, but a post on one of the newsgroups got my hoped up. The guy suggested passing the "ide=nodma" command to linux. My old motherboard does support UDMA, however, the harddrive does not have the cable for it. So I tried that command and....VOILA

So now I'm a happy guy again, tasting the joy of open source computing. I'm sure someday into the future every one of my computer will run Linux, truely saying good bye to paid commerical softwares that does nothing but fustrate you with endless bugs and security holes.

Also Note, I've been an happy windows user since the era of Win 3.1, I have no problem what so ever with windows (until recently when it's giving me that BSOD...Com'on it's the 21st century and STILL BSOD...!). But I guess I'm just even happier when there is free good that does a better job than most of paid stuff.

Mandriva 2006安裝紀錄

Mon, 10 Oct 2005 17:24:25 GMT

1:15 PM

最後一張CD刻好了，迫不及待的塞到筆記本裏，五分鐘后，就已經完成了安裝的第一大步。果然是很User Friendly……

Delete Windows(TM)?

Check

1:40 PM

安裝正在進行中……據説還有2小時完成 :(

沒辦法，誰讓這台電腦是Optimized for Windows 95呢

趁機截圖吧！

1:21 AM...第二天

昨天經過了4個小時的安裝后宣告徹底失敗 - Linux無法啓動，顯示Kernel Panic: No sync No init. 懷疑是FS和bootloader的問題，Rescue了半天失敗，決定重裝

又一個四小時以後，失敗。同樣錯誤

第一次Linux的旅行就這樣結束了……

感覺？

I suck

李牛克斯，我來啦！

Mon, 10 Oct 2005 03:16:39 GMT

家裏的老IBM筆記本要徹底淘汰了，Pentium 166的處理器+128M内存運行NT系列是行不通了，於是決定求助於Linux。Research了一天后（小虎這把李牛克斯扇子跑哪裏去了……）決定弄個Mandrake玩玩，如果用的舒服的話就把我的Desktop也改了。上網找到Mandrake已經更名為Mandrivia，最新版本為2006。於是開始找下載的地方。滿懷希望的我來到了M的主頁，發現下載竟然要加入會員，還要交會費……Linux不是一向免費的嗎……

終于在某中國LINUX網站找到了Free Ver的下載，4GB的内容已經爬到了9%。明天應該差不多了吧？真是很期待 :D 終于擺脫M$的折磨了……